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The pheromone trap is very attractive and will capture casebearer moths even when an economic infestation of larvae does not develop. Pheromone traps continue to capture moths of the third and fourth generations throughout the summer into November.

However, these later generations rarely threaten nut production. Most casebearer eggs are found at the tip of the nutlet, either on the top stigma or hidden just under the tiny leaves sepals at the tip of the nutlet.

You need a good hand lens to identify casebearer eggs and determine their development hatched, white or pink. Also, look for bud feeding just below the nut cluster to detect the presence of newly hatched larvae. As described above, begin scouting for eggs 7 to 10 days after the first casebearer moths are captured in pheromone traps, or 7 to 10 days before the date of first nut entry as predicted by heat unit accumulations.

Use the following sampling plan to determine if infestations warrant applying insecticide. The plan is based on the assumption that treatment is justified when infestations are large enough to destroy 5 percent or more of the nuts expected to be harvested. About 2 to 3 days before the predicted first significant nut entry date, examine 10 nut clusters per tree.

A cluster is considered infested if it has a casebearer egg or nut entry. If, on this date, you find two or more infested clusters before nut clusters are sampled, the casebearer population is large enough to damage more than 5 percent of the harvest. Apply an insecticide within the next few days.

If you find fewer than two infested clusters, sample again 2 to 3 days later. If you find two or more infested clusters before clusters are examined, apply an insecticide treatment without delay. If no treatment is indicated, sample again two days later. A third sample is especially important if cold, rainy nights have occurred, which can delay egg-laying. If you find fewer than three infested clusters, treatment is not warranted. Infestations of three or more infested clusters at this time indicate some damage may occur.

Consider the effect of rainy weather on egg-laying and crop load in making treatment decisions at this time. Nut clusters with eggs can be tagged with a piece of ribbon and checked each day to determine when hatch occurs.

Apply the insecticide 1 to 2 days after the first eggs hatch, or as soon as nut entry by larvae is first observed. However, consider the time required to treat the orchard and possible delays caused by weather, so that the insecticide can be applied before many larvae tunnel into nutlets.

Be careful when applying insecticide sprays in backyard and urban areas, because spray may drift onto nearby gardens, pets and living areas. Before purchasing and applying any insecticide, always read the label to determine if the product is labeled for use on the target plant or site. Follow mixing instructions and safety precautions. Many insecticides are labeled for controlling pecan nut casebearer on pecan. Base your insecticide choice on applicator safety, grazing restrictions if livestock are present, and potential impact of the insecticide on beneficial insects and other pests.

Thorough spray coverage, accurate timing to treat hatching larvae, using recommended insecticide rates, and proper sprayer calibration are critical for achieving good control of the pecan nut casebearer.

The use of pyrethroid e. For this reason, using these insecticides for the pecan nut casebearer is discouraged, especially if the orchard has a history of aphid or mite problems. If you use pyrethroid insecticides, apply them no more than once per season. Many kinds of insects and spiders occurring naturally in pecan trees feed on pecan nut casebearers.

Some of the most important natural enemies are tiny parasitic wasps that sting and kill the larvae. If you cannot enable cookies in your browser, please contact us — we are always here to help! Unfortunately we are unable to offer our excellent shopping experience without JavaScript.

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